Answer:
DNA vaccines consist of DNA vectors or plasmids (small double-stranded DNA rings originally derived from bacteria, but unable to cause infection) into which the genes encoding one or more immunizing proteins of the infectious agent have been inserted causing the disease to be prevented.
Explanation:
Vectors are the functional unit of naked DNA vaccines. Genes that encode the proteins of interest and are of bacterial origin are inserted into these vectors. Bacterial plasmids are circular DNA molecules that self-replicate extrachromosomally in bacteria. The genes encoded in these plasmids are under the control of promoters, almost always of viral origin. When a plasmid is introduced into the cell it translocates to the nucleus, where transcription of the transgene begins; the transcripts are then taken to the cytoplasm and translated there. The newly synthesized proteins are degraded in the proteasome to 8-10 amino acid peptides, which are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum. Peptides of high affinity with their respective MHC I molecule stabilize and enter the secretory pathway, thus reaching the cell surface, where they are coupled with the T-lymphocyte receptor (TcR) present on the surface of T lymphocytes cytotoxic drugs (CD8 +) to induce their activation.
Cool front is not a standard weather front. Cold front, warm front and occluded front are all standard weather front. When you say weather front, it is a boundary that separate 2 air masses.
Answer:
vapourization
Explanation:
When the water is heated, it changes into water vapour which is called vapourization or sometimes we can also call it evaporation.
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
I have done this question before.
<span>The answer is C.glycolysis ® Krebs cycle ® electron transport chain. There are 3 stages of cellular respiration: 1. glycolysis when glucose is broken down to pyruvate in the cytoplasm; 2. Krebs cycle when Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate form a 6 C-atoms compound; 3. Electron transport chain when hydrogen molecules removed through previous stages are pumped to the chain and energy is produced.</span>
