Explanation: if there's a problem, there has to be a resolution. Like in books such as, Harry potter, there is always a problem, but there is always a resolution to that, problem. Here's an example:
"Betty was walking in the sun, the next day she was walking in the rain, tomorrow it was bound to rain (thats the problem) so she brought an umbrella the very next day! (Resolution!)"
The author whose writing was not influenced by transcendentalism was Cotton Mather. Emerson, Whitman, and Thoreau were all influenced by transcendentalism. The correct answer is D.
He kept his money to get cowboy cards instrad of helping buy his dad's present. Now that he can't get cards anymore, he realizes he should've helped in the first place.