The correct option is C.
The position of a place on the equator is usually measured in degree of latitude. Latitude is the geographical coordinate, which specifies the north south position of a point on the earth surface. Lines of latitudes are called parallels. The equator is zero degree, the north pole is 90 degree north and the south pole is 90 degree south.
The chief executive is the president The president is Someone who’s in leader of this country mainly
The capital of Taiwan is Taipei
No, this is false although it's not very far from it!
Etymology means the study of the meaning of the word, and especially the way this meaning has changed over time. So the fact that a word has a German origin (for example Bratwurst) would be the etymology of this word