The following statements explains what happened during the Haymarket Square incident,
- "Public fear of anarchists and foreigners led to false accusations"
- "Rally leaders were illegally arrested and convicted"
- "A peaceful labor rally ended with a bomb exploding"
<u>Explanation:</u>
The Haymarket Affair (otherwise called the Haymarket Massacre, Haymarket Riot, or Haymarket Square Riot) was the fallout of a bombing that occurred at a work exhibition on May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago.
The rally started on 4th May and Albert Parsons, August Spies, and Samuel Fielden addressed the crowd who gathered for a peaceful negotiation of the worker's rights estimated from 600 to 3,000 in a open wagon near square on Des Plaines Street.
After the rally started, police arrived in group at around 10.30 pm and ordered the crowd rallying to disperse. Home-made bomb filled with dynamite was thrown in the path of the police coming towards them. At once after the bombing, gunshots were exchanged.
Arrest and conviction:
- 8 agitators were accused of plotting and doing the shelling (despite the fact that proof against them was powerless)
- 4 were hung, 1 self-murdered in jail, 3 were detained until John Peter Altgeld drove their sentences in 1893
<span>Soon after gaining independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico opened its northern coastal region of California to foreign trade. American vessels from the east were soon engaged in lucrative commerce with the Californios, Californians of Spanish or Mexican descent. Offering such necessities as cooking utensils and boots, as well as luxuries such as brandy, the Americans reaped profits of 200 to 300 percent. In exchange, the Californios exported cowhides produced on their vast coastal ranches.</span>
Jackson Pollock, Lee Krasner, Willem de Kooning, and Mark Rothko are best-known as pioneers of Abstract Expressionism. But all four were also among thousands of artists and other creatives employed by the government through the Works Progress Administration (WPA) between the years of 1935 and 1943. That the arts would be funded significantly by the federal government—never mind that it would actively employ artists—may well raise an eyebrow today. But working under a subdivision of the WPA known as the Federal Art Project, these artists got to work to help the country recover from the Great Depression, as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal.
Evidence of impoverishment and a portfolio showcasing one’s skills and commitment to the arts were all that was needed to qualify for the WPA initiative. This and the Federal Art Project’s non-discrimination clause meant that it attracted, and hired, not just white men but also artists of color and women who received little attention in the mainstream art world of the day. These artists created posters, murals, paintings, and sculptures to adorn public buildings.
Sectionalism is loyalty to one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole.
