So the main difference here is that a somatic cell is all the cell's in your body except for your reproductive cells. Those reproductive cells are called gametes. So, when a mutation occurs in a somatic cell, it really doesn't do much because it's one cell out of trillions in your body. However if a mutation occurs within a gamete, that gamete gets inherited in the offspring during sexual reproduction, and become the *blueprint* for an entire human being. That small mutation would be present in every cell throughout the whole body. Thus, that is why a mutation in a gamete, has much more severe biological consequences vs a mutation in a somatic cell. Hope this helped!
The sugar and phosphate portion of the nucleotides are found as segments of the rails on the DNA twisted ladder.
