Answer:Islam had already spread into northern Africa by the mid-seventh century A.D., only a few decades after the prophet Muhammad moved with his followers from Mecca to Medina on the neighboring Arabian Peninsula (622 A.D./1 A.H.). The Arab conquest of Spain and the push of Arab armies as far as the Indus River culminated in an empire that stretched over three continents, a mere hundred years after the Prophet’s death. Between the eighth and ninth centuries, Arab traders and travelers, then African clerics, began to spread the religion along the eastern coast of Africa and to the western and central Sudan (literally, “Land of Black people”), stimulating the development of urban communities. Given its negotiated, practical approach to different cultural situations, it is perhaps more appropriate to consider Islam in Africa in terms of its multiple histories rather then as a unified movement.
The first converts were the Sudanese merchants, followed by a few rulers and courtiers (Ghana in the eleventh century and Mali in the thirteenth century). The masses of rural peasants, however, remained little touched. In the eleventh century, the Almoravid intervention , led by a group of Berber nomads who were strict observers of Islamic law, gave the conversion process a new momentum in the Ghana empire and beyond. The spread of Islam throughout the African continent was neither simultaneous nor uniform, but followed a gradual and adaptive path. However, the only written documents at our disposal for the period under consideration derive from Arab sources (see, for instance, accounts by geographers al-Bakri and Ibn Battuta)
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He argued that by unleashing competition, free trade was likely to drive down workers' wages
Explanation:
Marx also disputed the argument that free trade facilitated a natural division of labour between countries. The free traders failed to understand that "one country can grow rich at the expense of another
<span>The Italian peninsula is in the center, and generally smaller than the Scandinavian peninsula. A similarity would be that they are both in the northeastern region of Europe.
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At first, the Anasazi were hunters and gatherers. But over time, they started raising maize and other crops. <span>By a.d. 700, the Anasazi were building villages, along with incredible pottery.</span>
The purpose was for Woman's rights and equality.
