Since pathogens are easily passed from person to person, they need large populations to spread and survive. If they did not have a large population, the pathogens would die out.
In these cases the ICD-10 for this patient is ICD 10 - L93 Lupus ICD 10 N13. 2 Hydronephrosis with obstruction by renal and ureteral calculi.
1. Abnormal antinuclear antibody positive for lupus. - CID 10 - L93 Lúpus eritematoso
2. Nephrosis. ICD 10 N13. 2 Hydronephrosis with obstruction by renal and ureteral calculi.
<h3>What does the ICD mean?</h3>
The International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, better known as the ICD, is one of the main epidemiological tools in everyday medical practice. The main function of the ICD is to monitor the incidence and prevalence of diseases, through universal standardization.
With this information, we can conclude that ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
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Answer: d. Confounding
Explanation:
In the context of a scientific study such as this one, a confounding factor is one that has influence on both the exposure and event variable(s), which may lead to over- or underestimation of the direct relationship between them (if any).
For instance: In this example, researchers may have had reason to believe that male gender is associated with both higher risk of obesity (the exposure variable) and adult-onset asthma (the event variable). If gender is not taken into account, one may claim that the finding of an association between obesity and asthma is simply an artifact due to the high proportion of male patients (likely to present with both). <em>Controlling</em> for that variable (such as by matching, as in this example) allows researchers to test for this hypothesis.
