'RNA is transcribed and translated in the cytoplasm', 'transcription produces an mRNA ready for translation' and 'RNA is proofread for errors' occur in prokaryotes, whereas '5′ cap, 3' poly-(A) tail and RNA splicing' occur in eukaryotes.
The prokaryotic cells (e.g., bacterial cells) do not contain cell nuclei, thereby the messenger RNA (mRNA) must be transcribed and translated in the cytoplasm.
During prokaryotic transcription, the RNA transcript is proofread for errors. In bacteria, DNA polymerases proofread the transcript by using their 3’ → 5’ exonuclease activity.
In eukaryotic cells, RNA processing consists of several mechanisms:
- A 7-methylguanosine cap (5′ cap) is added to the 5′ end of the precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA).
- A 3' poly-Adenine (A) tail is added to the 3' end of the pre-mRNA.
- Both the 5′ cap and 3' poly-(A) tail protect the RNA transcript from its degradation by exonucleases.
- Eukaryotic RNA splicing consists of the removal of non-coding regions called 'introns' and subsequent splicing of the protein-coding regions called 'exons'.
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<span>Answer: Opening of Na+ and K+
Explanation:
Acetycholine binding opens Na+ and K+ ion channels in the receptors that allow simultaneous passage of Naâş into the muscle fiber and Kâş out of the muscle fiber. More Naâş ions enter than Kâş ions exit, which produces a local change in the membrane potential called the end plate potential.
Binding of acetycholine to receptor proteins opens Na+ and K+ channels resulting in jump in resting membrane potential(RMP) from -90mV to +75mV forming an end-plate potential (EPP).</span>
Answer: Negative feedback serves to reduce an excessive response and to keep a variable within the normal range. Negative feedback loops control body temperature and the blood glucose level.
<span>a) the active site is a site on the enzyme molecule where specific substrate molecules bind.
because an active site is </span><span>a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
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