Answer:
Bolus is the food that is mashed up in your mouth. After it is digested in the stomach, the food is called chyme. Bolus is more alkaline than chyme because it is exposed to alkaline saliva.
Explanation:
MRNA, ribsomes,tRNAs, and many enzymatic factors
There is external and internal so I'll list th external. The most important is skin then mucus, sweat or secretion, hair, nails and tears which are all part of the integumentary. Some internal defenses are white blood cells and T cells.
The study of the relationship between structures and functions is at the very heart of biology. This relationship is expressed in living beings by the adaptation of the first to the second and poses a series of absolutely fundamental problems, such as the relationship between causality and finality, analogy and homology, structural improvement and evolutionary level, etc.
For example, the structure of the hand is related to its function, thanks to the fingers and the thumb it is easy to wear and store objects.
The zigzag structure of the intestine is related to its absorption function, as this makes it possible to increase the contact surface between the alimentary bolus and the intestinal wall, and thus to increase the absorption.
Why temperature affects heart rate in ectothermic organisms? If the temperature is within the optimal range for enzyme activity more ATP will be produced and the heart will beat faster due to increased metabolic activity and energy availability.
