Answer:
1. Lack of ownership
2. Higher taxation
3. Legalities and formalities
Explanation:
An incorporated company is one that has a separate legal entity from that of its owner and shareholders. Disadvantages of an incorporated company include:
- <em>Lack of ownership</em>
An incorporated business is a separate entity from its owner. Hence, separate bank accounts would be required along with separate business identification since personal identification would not be sufficient. At the same time, personal funds must be kept separate from business funds. Mixture of the two is an offense against the law. Also, as shareholders are involved, they may have voting rights, hence, the owner will not have a complete say in all business activities.
Incorporated companies are expected to pay higher taxes whilst others may have minimum taxable limits. The owner will have to pay income tax as well as corporate taxes. They will also accumulate other expenses such as accounts and legal fees whilst processing these complex taxation methods.
- <em>Legalities and formalities</em>
Incorporating a business in itself requires complex procedures and a lot of paperwork. After this has been accomplished, the company is still expected to follow strict codes of conduct such as those provided by the Companies Act. This would include the way borrowings and lending occur, investments, dividend provisions, meetings and audits. They will also have to register documents under the Registrar of Companies.
Answer:
as taxes increase, there is a decrease in supply
Explanation:
Answer:
Debt to income ratio is all your debt payments divided by all the money you earn during a month. Generally you are considered to be in good financial shape when your debt to income ratio is less than 20%, if it's less than 10% it is even better.
Kim's gross income = $1,230 - $165 (taxes) = $1,065
Kim's total debt payments without new debt = $134 (credit card payments)
Kim's total debt payments including new debt = $134 + $172 (new debt) = $306
Kim's debt to income ration without new debt = $134 / $1,065 = 12.58%
Kim's debt to income ration with new debt = $306 / $1,065 = 28.73%
Currently Kim's debt to income ratio is only 12.58% which is very good, but if she takes the new loan then her ratio will increase to 28.73% which is extremely high and not prudent.
The four-firm ratio is the concentration ratio between the total sales accumulated by the four largest industrial firms to the total sales of all firms present in an industry. This translates to the mathematical expression of
four-firm ratio = (total sales of four largest firms / total sales)
Since, we are given that all 10 firms have the same sales, we let the sales be equal to x.
total sales of four largest firms = 4x
total sales = 10x
The ratio is then,
four-firm ratio = 4/10
Converting this to percentage will yield us an answer of 40%.
Solution :
Given :
Coupon rate for Bond J = 3%
Coupon rate for Bond K = 9%
YTM = 6 %
Therefore,
The current price for Bond J = $ 718.54 =PV(6%/2,13x2,30/2,1000)x -1
The current price for Bond K = $ 1281.46 =PV(6%/2,13x2,90/2,1000)x -1
If the interest rate by 2%,
Bond J = $ 583.42 = -18.80% (change in bond price)
Bond K = $ 1083.32 = -15.46% (change in bond price)