Answer:
One of the common genetic disorders is sickle cell anemia, in which 2 recessive alleles must meet to allow for destruction and alteration in the morphology of red blood cells. This usually leads to loss of proper binding of oxygen to hemoglobin and curved, sickle-shaped erythrocytes. The mutation causing this disease occurs in the 6th codon of the HBB gene encoding the hemoglobin subunit β (β-globin), a protein, serving as an integral part of the adult hemoglobin A (HbA), which is a heterotetramer of 2 α chains and 2 β chains that is responsible for binding to the oxygen in the blood. This mutation changes a charged glutamic acid to a hydrophobic valine residue and disrupts the tertiary structure and stability of the hemoglobin molecule. Since in the field of protein intrinsic disorder, charged and polar residues are typically considered as disorder promoting, in opposite to the order-promoting non-polar hydrophobic residues, in this study we attempted to answer a question if intrinsic disorder might have a role in the pathogenesis of sickle cell anemia. To this end, several disorder predictors were utilized to evaluate the presence of intrinsically disordered regions in all subunits of human hemoglobin: α, β, δ, ε, ζ, γ1, and γ2. Then, structural analysis was completed by using the SWISS-MODEL Repository to visualize the outputs of the disorder predictors. Finally, Uniprot STRING and D2P2 were used to determine biochemical interactome and protein partners for each hemoglobin subunit along with analyzing their posttranslational modifications. All these properties were used to determine any differences between the 6 different types of subunits of hemoglobin and to correlate the mutation leading to sickle cell anemia with intrinsic disorder propensity.
Explanation:
Answer:
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Explanation:
I recomend to carb up before long run
<span>We are to identify which among the given choices is not part of the lac operon genes. Lac operon consists of three structural genes which include the promoter gene, the regulator gene, and lastly the operator gene. From the given choices, the one that is not included is the repressor. </span>
Answer:
Cytotoxic T cells
Explanation:
Perforin is the cytosolic protein and upon degranulation forms pores in the target cell. Perforin protein helps in the transport of water and ions.
Perforin is present in the granules of cytotoxic T cells. These cells have the ability to kill virus infected cells and cancer cells. Cytotoxic T cells bind with the class 1 MHC molecules. These cells are also known as CD8+ T cells.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).
