After the War of 1812 the policy that was advocated by James Madison for making American manufactured products cheaper and more competitive in both domestic and foreign markets was a protective tariff. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the second option. I hope it helps you.
<span>The Wall served to prevent the massive </span>emigration and defection<span> that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War 2 period.</span>
he was known fr his skill in crafting compromises
