The opening of channels that let positive ions flow out of the cell (or negative ions flow in) can cause hyperpolarization. Examples: Opening of channels that let
+
K
+
K, start superscript, plus, end superscript out of the cell or
−
Cl
−
C, l, start superscript, minus, end superscript into the cell.
The opening of channels that let positive ions flow into the cell can cause depolarization. Example: Opening of channels that let
+
Na
+
N, a, start superscript, plus, end superscript into the cell.
The opening and closing of these channels may depend on the binding of signaling molecules such as neurotransmitters (ligand-gated ion channels), or on the voltage across the membrane (voltage-gated ion channels).
Answer:
10 meters/second.
Explanation:
Unladen swallow consists of two species are <em>Hirundo domicella </em>and the <em>Hirundo spilodera</em>.
The average speed of unladen swallow comes out to be 10 meters/second. The maximum speed can go upto 13-14 meters/second. The speed of unladen swallow can be calculated by the formula given by Graham K. Taylor. According to graham the speed of unladen swallow is 3 times of the product of frequency and amplitude. ( v= 3fA, v is velocity, f is frequency and A is amplitude).
Answer:
pH
Explanation:
Substances can act as a buffer to resist changes in pH when something more acidic or basic is added
Answer:
the animal has sharp, pointed teeth
Explanation:
:)
