The president Abraham Lincoln
They visited Mecca to worship their gods.
The sun is at the center of our solar system
That would be Adolf Hitler, as stated in this source (History.com) "Hitler appointed a new Nazi government, and on March 13 the Anschluss was proclaimed. Austria existed as a federal state of Germany until the end of World War II, when the Allied powers declared the Anschluss void and reestablished an independent Austria."
MacArthur was insubordinate with President Harry S Truman, who as president is commander in chief of all the armed forces. MacArthur wanted to expand the war in Korea after the Chinese entered the war, and he made comments to this effect after he had been told not to.