On April 21, 1789, John Adams, the first vice president of the United States, began his duties as president of the Senate. Adams's role in the administration of George Washington was sharply constrained by the constitutional limits on the vice presidency and his own reluctance to encroach upon executive prerogative.
Antonio Gramsci developed the concept of hegemony to describe a stratified social order in which subordinates comply with domination by internalizing their rulers' values and accepting the "naturalness" of domination.
