The point at which the toxin would interrupt normal cell signalling in the pathway is the signal amplification.
This is because of the G-protein uncoupling and inhibition of signal amplification by pertusis toxin. Pertusis toxin released by the bacteria Bordetella pertusis and prevents signal that is amplifying from the protein. The G-protein coordinates the interaction between membrane bound receptor proteins and the effector proteins involved in the intracellular signalling. The toxin promotes the uncoupling of this heterotrimetric protein and also inhibits the amplification thus preventing the interaction of the receptor proteins and the second messengers.
after the evolution of the first living cells, fermentation wasn't needed, because aerobic respiration was now doable, since there was more oxygen in the air now. also, as the temperature increases, it becomes more energy consuming to conduct fermentation over aerobic respiration.
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It gets polluted from fertilizers or any spilled chemicals. And those chemicals get obsorbed into the ground. And the gravity pushes them deeper in the soil, till it reaches the underground water (or aquifer)
scientific names known over all word or as internationaly
Answer: On a ph scale its measures how acidic or basic the substance is and it ranges from 0-14 the smaller numbers are acidic and the bigger numbers are basic. The neutral number which is between 0-14 is 7 and a example of a substance that is neutral is distilled water.
Explanation:
