In the North, the economy was based on industry. They built factories and manufactured products to sell to other countries and to the southern states. They did not do a lot of farming because the soil was rocky and the colder climate made for a shorter growing season. ... In the South, the economy was based on agriculture.
The barbarian tribes from Germany and Britain conquered the Roman Empire.
The biggest challenges faced by the Jewish settlers who arrived in
Israel
beginning in the 1880s was introducing modern agricultural methods
to an
ancient culture.
Mosquito-borne disease in the wetlands represented another
challenge.
The 14th amendment did much to educate and provide jobs for newly freed slaves following the end of the civil war.
In the US?
California, New York, Florida