Proteins because my diet consists of mostly meats, such as chicken. :)
<span>he Streptococcus pneumoniae capsule is vital for virulence and may inhibit complement activity and phagocytosis. However, there are only limited data on the mechanisms by which the capsule affects complement and the consequences for S. pneumoniae interactions with phagocytes. Using unencapsulated serotype 2 and 4 S. pneumoniae mutants, we have confirmed that the capsule has several effects on complement activity. The capsule impaired bacterial opsonization with C3b/iC3b by both the alternative and classical complement pathways and also inhibited conversion of C3b bound to the bacterial surface to iC3b. There was increased binding of the classical pathway mediators immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to unencapsulated S. pneumoniae, indicating that the capsule could inhibit classical pathway complement activity by masking antibody recognition of subcapsular antigens, as well as by inhibiting CRP binding. Cleavage of serum IgG by the enzyme IdeS reduced C3b/iC3b deposition on all of the strains, but there were still marked increases in C3b/iC3b deposition on unencapsulated TIGR4 and D39 strains compared to encapsulated strains, suggesting that the capsule inhibits both IgG-mediated and IgG-independent complement activity against S. pneumoniae. Unencapsulated strains were more susceptible to neutrophil phagocytosis after incubation in normal serum, normal serum treated with IdeS, complement-deficient serum, and complement-deficient serum treated with IdeS or in buffer alone, suggesting that the capsule inhibits phagocytosis mediated by FcÎł receptors, complement receptors, and nonopsonic receptors. Overall, these data show that the S. pneumoniae capsule affects multiple aspects of complement- and neutrophil-mediated immunity, resulting in a profound inhibition of opsonophagocytosis.</span>
Answer: heres the 3 main functions.
Explanation:
membranes have three primary functions 1) they keep toxic substances out of the cell 2) they contain receptors and channels that allow specific molecules, such as ions, nutrients, wastes, and metabolic products, that mediate cellular and extracellular activities to pass between organelles and between the cell and the outside environment and 3) they separate vital but incompatible metabolic processes conducted within organelles.
<span>Water has a surface skin. Some insects are able to generate tiny bubbles under their bodies which makes them buoyant enough to not break thru the water's skin. This skin is also known as surface tension. </span><span>Some bugs and small objects (pins or paperclips, etc) can rest on the surface of the water due to surface tension. Water molecules are bipolar and attract each other forming a skin. The bug or paperclip make tiny depressions in the water skin which provides buoyancy. A detergent will ruin the water tension (because it is a wetting agent) and the bug or paperclip will sink.</span><span>
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Answer:
You can get them either from your DNA from your parents and you also get them through the food that you eat.
Explanation:
