I'd say D. The article of Confederation didn't want the government to be too powerful and turn into a tyranny. They had a judicial branch though.
The picture is not clear :(
The most controversial provision of the patient protection and Affordable Care Act which is sometimes referred to by its detractors as Obamacare is mandatory health insurance coverage. This is controversial because it would mean that those people who do not wish to buy insurance may be subject to a fine.
I think its either A or B... I hope this helped!! 0_0