I think it is D. Possibly A but most likely D. Hope this helps :)
Answer:
Although the introduction presents valid background information, it is ineffective because the main point of the essay is unclear.
I would say that a person who is dogmatic does use the defensive behaviour of certainty and that such a person is answering only from the dogma that he/she knows and not being spontaneous and dealing with the topic in a living way in a way that is open to the world and seeing the other person's point of view that though one may not agree with another point of view one should at least respect it.
A rhyming poem
For example:
Roses are red
violets are blue
I love you so much
I hope you do too
The conflict would be most likely
