Answer:
Explanation: Subtract from net income to arrive at net cash flows from operating activities.
<span>The fact that Kellog is increases its promotion expenditure to counteract competitive responses means that </span>Kellogg's is in the maturity stage of the product life cycle. The maturity stage us the third stage of the product life cycle, and comes a<span>fter the </span>Introduction<span> and </span>Growth<span> stages.
</span>In this stage the companies are focused on maintaining their market share in the face of a number of different challenges.
The gross margin ratio is a percentage resulting from dividing the amount of a company's gross profit by the amount of its net sales. In this case it would be 118,350/466,300 = 25.38%
