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1. Research History
The history of research dealing with similarities in the fortification architecture of the Hittites and Mycenaeans goes back to the beginning of the 20th century. Several scholars have recognized similarities in the construction of many of thefortifications’ building units and also in the application of different technologies, such as masonry techniques, stone drillingand stone sawing. These similarities are seen as a cultural exchange or technology transfer between these two civilizations.The research history of the above mentioned proves so.
2. Hittite Fortification Architecture
Hittite cities started to be fortified in the Old Hittite period (ca. 1650-1500 BC).
Boazköy (Hattuša, the capital city of the Hittite empire), the first excavated Hittite city, was where the traces of a fortification wall and gates were found. This wasat the beginning of the 20th century. Over time, Hittite fortification walls and city gates were revealed in Alaca Höyük,
They all share the typical characteristics of Hittite fortification architecture. Hittite settlements are builton plateaus, ridges or valleys. The fortification wall follows the natural boundary of the rock. The following paragraphs willintroduce the building techniques and units.
2.1 Building Technique
The building technique of the Hittite fortification wall is very unique. The base of the wall was built of stones and thesuperstructure was made of framework masonry of wood and mudbrick.
Hittite craftsmen were using different masonrystyles for the base of the wall, such as masonry made of rubble stones, ashlar masonry, polygonal masonry and indentedstone masonry.
The stones were finished with stone hammers to get an even surface. These finishings can still be seen todayin the form of little white dots on the stone slabs. On top of the stone base, wooden beams, and on top of these, layersof mudbricks alternating with wooden beams were placed. Afterwards the wall was plastered. On top of the wall was abattlement, which was decorated with pinnacles made of mudbricks
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I think is has done alright by the fact of leaving us in quarantine but then he decided to re open thing and I son't think it is a good idea it will just cause more chaos and more deaths
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1. Abraham Lincoln became the United States' 16th President in 1861, issuing the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy in 1863.
2. Gettysburg Address
December 8, 1863
Lincoln offers full pardons
Lincoln offers a full pardon to Southerners who take the prescribed oath.
November 8, 1864
Lincoln reelected
Following decisive Union victories by Admiral Farragut in Alabama and General Sherman in Atlanta, Abraham Lincoln is reelected as President of the United States, with Andrew Johnson as his vice president. Along with 55 percent of the popular vote, Lincoln wins 212 electoral votes to McClellan's 21.
With Lincoln's influence, the House of Representatives approves the Thirteenth Amendment, which calls for the emancipation of all slaves and no compensation to their owners. The amendment was passed by the Senate in 1864 but failed to receive the necessary votes in the House. By December of 1865, enough states ratify the amendment to make it constitutionally binding.
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n 1954, the civil rights movement gained momentum when the United States Supreme Court made segregation illegal in public schools in the case of Brown v. Board of Education. In 1957, Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas asked for volunteers from all-Black high schools to attend the formerly segregated school
Explanation:n 1954, the civil rights movement gained momentum when the United States Supreme Court made segregation illegal in public schools in the case of Brown v. Board of Education. In 1957, Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas asked for volunteers from all-Black high schools to attend the formerly segregated school
Answer:
The role of women has changed drastically over time. In the 1900s, women were expected to do the housework and take care of the home and children, then tend to her husband's needs. Today, women aren't exactly expected to be "housewives". Women can hold jobs, vote, and don't have to marry a man. Honestly, I don't really think that there's anything that needs to be done to improve womens' roles.
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