<span>The immune system is the body's natural defense mechanism against organisms that can cause infection.There are three types of mechanisms:
1. Cellular :</span><span> refers to the recognition and/or killing of virus and virus-infected cells by leukocytes and the production of different soluble factors (cytokines) by these cells when stimulated by virus or virus-infected cells
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2. Structural: </span>barriers and the immune system defend the body<span> against organisms that can cause infection. </span>Natural<span> barriers include the skin, mucous membranes, tears, earwax, mucus, and stomach acid.
3. Chemical: </span><span>Some of these include the low pH of the stomach, which inhibits the growth of pathogens; blood proteins that bind and disrupt bacterial cell membranes; and the process of urination, which flushes pathogens from the urinary tract.
</span><span>antibodies - chemical
tissues lining hollow organs - cellular
phagocytes - cellular
skin - structural
antigen - chemical
leukocytes - cellular</span>
<span>Since muscle contraction depends on interactions between actin, myosion and some intermediate molecules, the primary protein structure of such proteins and their spatial conformation are fundamental for their functioning. For example, actin and myosin, both filamentous proteins that slide past each other or troponin/tropomyosin interactions that blocks the binding of myosin to actin.</span>
Answer:
Segments of DNA transferred from parent to offspring are called genes
Explanation:
Just Cuz
The correct answer is: daughter cells will have abnormal chromosome numbers and this condition is called aneuploidy.
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes (or sister chromatids) to separate during the process of cell division and consequently lead to aneuploidy. There are three forms of nondisjunction:
• Nondisjunction in meiosis I (pair of homologous chromosomes unable to separate in meiosis I),
• Nondisjunction in meiosis I (sister chromatids unable to separate during meiosis II), and
• Nondisjunction in mitosis (failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis)
Photosynthesis produces oxygen and water. Photosynthesis is the result of a cycle. Humans use oxygen for respiration, the product produced from human respiration is carbon dioxide. Then plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and turn it into oxygen with photosynthesis, this goes on and on as a cycle.
