The Palmer rides were rides on radical leftists - regardless of their skin colour. With this information we can reject the first two answers which are connected to racism.
The Sacco and Vanzetti was a trial of two anarchists that the people have found biased: this shows that the events were motivated by the fear that American values were threatened by radical ideas (such as leftist and anarchist ideas)
The territorial state differ from the previous forms of states,
it was governed and controlled by a single sovereign whose throne was passed down from generation to generation. The old states, however, had a variety of rulers who were distributed in radically varied ways. They were no longer city dwellers, but rather members of an alliance.
The factor that encouraged the formation of territorial states: the new territorial states were created as a result of climate change, new technology, invasions by other people groups, and religion.
The development of towns and cities made it possible for small, independent states to be formed, which then gave rise to large territorial states.
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Serfs, also known as peasants, were the lowest class of citizen in feudal societies. They were allowed to live on land own by Lords in return for labor, which was practically slavery.
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