The author characterizes the narrator as a man who was strongly shaken by everything he witnessed in Africa.
This can be seen because:
- The book's narrator, Marlow, is very excited to participate in the journey to colonize Africa.
- This excitement is created by a strong influence of the setting where he finds himself.
- This scenario is a prosperous Europe, due to strong colonization.
- However, the narrator's excitement ends when he arrives in Africa.
- The setting in Africa is very different from the setting in Europe.
- In Africa, the narrator interacts with a scenario of poverty, exploitation, violence, devaluation, and decadence, all created by European colonizers.
- The narrator is very shaken by this scenario and shows himself to be a physically and mentally ill man. He becomes weak, distraught, and unable to act normally.
This change in narrator characterization is very significant for "Heart of Darkness." This is because the author wanted to present an anti-colonial story, as he wanted to show that all people involved in colonialism and imperialism were negatively affected.
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Poe suffered from recurrent depression, suggesting a bipolar disorder, as well as alcohol and drug abuse, which in fact led to his death from complications related to alcoholism. Various hypotheses were put forward, including Wernicke's encephalopathy. Poe's desire to write and his attraction to art and culture seems natural given his parents both worked as actors in the theatre. His father abandoned the family a year after Edgar was born and his mother died a year later, leaving him orphaned. Though his foster family never formally adopted him and were always detached, he remained with them until his early adulthood, with their begrudging support of his desire for college studies despite frequent clashes about financial obligations.
In the Summary Review of the Rights of British America Jefferson sets out many reasons for the necessity of a declaration of independence among which are the despotism of the British crown under George III in preventing the inhabitants of the 13 colonies from the pursuit of "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness". Also, the colonies had written the king several times about the necessity of redress for their grievances but had never received a response. Also, being a colony of Great Britain, free trade with other countries was not allowed.