Codons are units of genomic information made up of three nucleotides (trinucleotides) in DNA or RNA that code for a specific amino acid or indicate the end of protein synthesis (stop signals).
- On a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA), the start codon serves as the signal to begin translation. Keep in mind that translation is the process by which strings of amino acids are created when anticodons on the transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule bind to their complementary codons on the messenger RNA (mRNA).
- This is how our bodies produce proteins, which are necessary for a variety of bodily processes. When a ribosome hooks onto an mRNA strand and attaches to the 5' end of it, translation occurs after transcription results in the synthesis of RNA.
- Translation starts when the ribosome moves across the mRNA strand and identifies a start codon.
- Every codon is a group of three nucleotides that together code for a particular amino acid and are each represented by a letter in the alphabet.
- Therefore, when several codons are combined, a string of amino acids is produced that eventually turns into a protein. Therefore, the start codon instructs the ribosome where to start the translation process on the mRNA molecule.
- Usually, it is AUG, which stands for methionine, an amino acid. The codons after it are read continuously until translation is complete after it has been detected and the methionine has been transported over by tRNA.
- It should be noted that AUG no longer codes for a start codon when it is located in the middle of a strand that is already being translated.
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