Answer:
not required to hear the case.
Explanation:
The United States Court of Appeals is also known as the circuit courts that are the intermediate appellate courts. The US courts of appeals are one of the most powerful as well influential courts in America.
In the context, Boyd flies a case against Cathy in the federal district court where Cathy loses the case. She then makes an appeal to the circuit courts or the United States Court of Appeals for a second circuit but she loses again. Now if Cathy moves to the Supreme Court of the U.S. and makes an appeal, the Supreme Court is not required to hear Cathy's case as she already made an appeal in the Court of Appeals of U.S. and The court has made his judgement.
Attachment and involvement in the social theory means the level of values that a person has in the society.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Social control hypothesis recommends that individuals' connections, duties, qualities, standards, and convictions urge them not to violate the law. In this way, if moral codes are disguised and people are integrated with and have a stake in their more extensive network, they will deliberately restrain their inclination to submit degenerate acts.
First, the elements of social control identified by Hirschi will be described. Hirschi's concept of "social bond" is comprised of the following four elements: (1) attachment, (2) commitment, (3) involvement, and (4) beliefs. Attachment refers to the symbiotic linkage between a person and society.
The two other answers to this question are spot on, but I'm going to interpret this question in a different way. I'm going to answer it as if the question said "Who was the first presidential style Prime Minister of UK?"
I would argue that there have been two 'Presidents of the United Kingdom': Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair.
For the first eight years of her administration, Margaret Thatcher was effectively 'the President of the United Kingdom'. Her administration was able to do things most post war PMs were not able to do, possibly buoyed by the large mandates she was given by the British public in 1979 and 1983.
Given the landslide election of 1997, it became almost impossible for the Conservative party to win the 2001 election, and very unlikely that would would have much of a chance in 2005 (Michael Portillo's words, not just mine). With this sort of a political landscape and public mandate, Blair was able to govern as a de-facto president, allowing him to push through parliament decisions that didn't have, not only, the public's backing but even the backing of much of the Labour party. This can be seen in Blair's decisions regarding Iraq and Afghanistan post 9/11.
Answer:
a current or former spouse.
a child of a current or former spouse.
a person with whom the offender has a child or children.
a foster child or foster parent of the offender.
Explanation:
