Establishing a claim in an argument is most like C. pointing out a problem that must be solved.
So, your claim is some sort of an issue that you want to get to the bottom of. For example, if your argument is - Smoking should be banned in public places - you are posing a question that you have to find an answer to based on your proof and other claims.
That diagram is the flow chart to kill a mocking bird
Because theseus believed he could reenact the play part by part
They can use emotion and tug at the readers heart strings as well as say something that may benefit you in a way which gets you more on their side