Complete question:
Receptors trigger one of two effector pathways resulting in changes in neuronal activity. These changes will, ultimately, effect gene expression. Which effector pathway is characterized by ion flux through transmitter-activated channels resulting in an altered membrane potential and neuronal activity?
A. Slow effector pathways
B. Modulated effector pathways
C. Rapid effector pathways
D. NMDA glutamate receptor pathways
Answer:
D. NMDA glutamate receptor pathways
Explanation:
The NMDA glutamatergic receptor is a cationic channel receptor modulated by a ligand that allows the transport of Na+, K+, and Ca2+. Under certain situations, it exhibits particular permeability to Ca2+. The receptor has different regions that are susceptible to modulation by endogenous and exogenous agents. The receptor can be found at most excitatory synapses, where it responds to the neurotransmitter glutamate. During synapsis, the presynaptic membrane releases L-glutamate, which is received by NMDA glutamatergic receptor. The receptor plays a regulatory role because activates signaling cascades that depend on calcium.
These receptors are involved in normal synaptic transmission, in a diverse physiological phenomenon, and might be responsible for neurodegenerative processes.
The answer is A because in a life cycle it start of in birth, then growing up, then adult then giving birth and then death. after death or birth the life cycle starts all over again. but in actuality when it gives birth that's when the life cycle is restarted. think as it's us humans. we are born. after that we grow up to be a toddler - young kid => teenager => young adult => then women gives birth => new baby is born. when new baby is born then the life cycle is restarted. but the next step after a baby's born the mom and dad get old and then death is the last step.<span />
The Answer is B, or the 2nd one since it starts from one cell and splits into 2 meaning it's under going mitosis.
Answer: they have to maintain homeostasis, so they remove waste to do so..
