D: An object that is accelerating is always changing speed.
Answers:
a) carcinogenic
b) anti-carcinogenic
c) carcinogenic
d) carcinogenic
e) carcinogenic
f) anti-carcinogenic
g) anti-carcinogenic
h) anti-carcinogenic
Explanation:
Cyclins are proteins that regulate the progression through the cell cycle, i.e., the transition of G1 to S phase. It is well known that high cyclin expression may lead to cell proliferation states, which is closely associated with cancer progression. Moreover, the blockage of cyclins may have an anti-carcinogenic effect by inhibiting the progression through the cell cycle. MAP kinases are serine/threonine kinases that regulate the progression through the cell cycle by phosphorylating a variety of substrates during cell proliferation. In consequence, phosphatases that inactivate MAPK kinases (i.e., by dephosphorylation) may have an anticarcinogenic effect. The p53 is a tumor suppressor protein involved in diverse cellular processes including DNA repair, cycle arrest and programmed cell death. This protein (p53) is activated by phosphorylation at target residues and phosphatases inactivate it, thereby the blockage of its degradation may have an anticarcinogenic effect. Oncogene activation (i.e., the expression of oncogenes), may alter diverse cellular processes including DNA replication, and thereby may lead to cancer development. The G-protein α subunit is a GTPase that hydrolyses GTP and thus has a major role in controlling the kinetics of the G-protein signaling cascade. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) are kinase receptors that play roles in regulating cellular differentiation, cell proliferation and cell growth. PDGFR receptors are present on the surface of normal cells, however, it has been shown that mutations of the PDGFR genes that lead to their high expression lead to uncontrolled cell growth and consequently cause cancer (i.e., by increasing PDGF signaling).
DNA sequencing suggests that among the green algae, the Stonewort are most closely related to land plants.
<h3>
What is DNA Sequencing ?</h3>
DNA Sequencing is a technique to determine the bases, nucleic acid sequence in the DNA. It is important to know the functions of genes, coding and non-coding part of proteins, identify the diseases, effectiveness of drug delivery etc.
<h3>
What is Land plants and Stonewort ?</h3>
Stonewort is commonly known as Chara . It is a freshwater green algae which comes from the Charophyta division. Fossils of Charophytes shows that Stonewort is a type of algae which is 470 million years old.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that DNA sequencing suggests that among the green algae, the Stonewort are most closely related to land plants.
To know more about the Stonewort please click here :
brainly.com/question/8695285
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Answer:
At least 17 PCR cycles or 16 PCR cycles
Explanation:
As we know -
In one chain of heating and cooling of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the strands of DNA gets doubled.
The general mathematical representation of this is
where "n" is the number of PCR cycles.
It is given that DNA strands to be produced is 16 times the original quantity of DNA.
So the PCR cycle must be carried out at least 17 times in order to have DNA strand not less than 16 times the original quantity of DNA
Answer:
(d) None of the above
Explanation:
The pH of your stomach must be highly acidic, because the optimum pH for pepsin, the chief stomach enzyme, is 1.5.
(a) and (b) are wrong, because both conditions are basic.
(c) is wrong, because pH 7 is neutral.
