I can't help you with your second question but heres a site that I've found to help you with your 1st one. I hope this helps^-^
https://nationalinterest.org/feature/5-big-lessons-the-first-gulf-war-13536
Answer: Reason
You can read about that on wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment
Or here on history.com: https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/enlightenment
One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution<span> where </span>Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi<span>was overthrown and replaced by </span>Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini<span>. Autocratic monarchy was replaced by an </span>Islamic Republic<span> based on the principle of rule by Islamic jurists, (or "</span>Velayat-e faqih<span>"), where clerics serve as </span>head of state<span> and in many powerful governmental roles. A pro-</span>Western, pro-American<span> foreign policy was exchanged for one of "neither east nor west", said to rest on the three "pillars" of mandatory veil (</span>hijab<span>) for women, and opposition to the </span>United States<span> and </span>Israel.[1]<span> A rapidly modernizing, capitalist economy</span>[2][3]<span> was replaced by </span>populist<span> and </span>Islamic<span> economic and culture.</span>
It was the "Praise of Folly" that was written by Desiderius Erasmus, and criticized Catholic Church officials for focusing on money and power instead of the spiritual needs of <span>individuals, since this would have a major influence on the rise of the Protestant Reformation. </span>
