The words that best reflect Lincoln’s formal diction are the ones in the second option: brought forth.
To bring forth means to cause something to happen or be seen or known. The phrase is usually used in formal contexts or in literature.
All of the other options have words that are not considered formal and can be considered of every-day use.
The type of figurative language is metaphor
In Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" (1751), the speaker reflects on mortality and speculates about the accomplishments of the dead people buried in the churchyard. The poem is an elegy, that is, a lament for the dead.
First of all, the speaker thinks that one of the people buried might have been a good schoolar, or even a good leader for the nation. He also talks about another dead person, in the figure of an old farmer, that might have had a lot of potential to become a great poet.
Furthermore, he believes that death and poverty have saved some people from spreading evil in the world. In addition, the speaker assures that poor people and rich people are born with the same abilities; however, he admits that moral superiority is the only goal that village people have accomplished.
B. To allow the reader to understand Odysseus’ full experience
