Explanation:
Stages:
1. Glycolysis:
- anaerobic
- occurs in the cytoplasm
- input- 2 ATP, glucose NAD
- output- 2 pyruvate NADH
2. TCA:
- aerobic
- occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
- input- oxygen, pyruvate (decarboxylated to acetyl coA), 1 ADP+ P, 8 NAD, 2 FAD
- output- 8 NADH and 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
3. ETC:
- aerobic
- occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane
- input: 8 NADH and 2 FADH2, 34 ADP+ P
- output: 8 NAD and 2 FAD 34 ATP
Cellular respiration begins in the cytoplasm, where glucose is broken down for energy production. In the presence of an oxygen rich environment, eukaryotes may carry out aerobic respiration.
overall, in aerobic respiration: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≈38 ATP
Further Explanation:
In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).
Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.
This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water...
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Answer:
The mechanism by which cells regulate their ability to respond to extracellular messengers is known as receptor signalling.
Explanation:
Cells senses an environment and communicate which each other through ligand-induced activation of signalling receptors at the cell surface. Signalling receptors enter the endocytic pathway and are sorts into various compartments. Endocytosis regulates cell signalling by controlling the number of receptors available for activation in plasma membrane and activation of receptors or downstream effectors often stimulate receptor endocytosis.
Water is used in many reactions in the body, both enzymatic and chemical. Water within blood and lymphatic system is responsible for the transport of hormones, antidotes oxygen and nutrients.
Metabolism can be described as entirety of chemical reactions which take place within a cell, the result of which is energy for processes which take place in the body.
Occurs in our muscle cells................