Viruses are not considered living organisms because they lack some of the basic characteristics of life.
The cell is described as the smallest unit of life. Since viruses are <u>not alive</u>, we can infer that they <u>do not </u>contain one or more cells. <u>Viruses </u>have a <u>protective</u> <u>protein coat</u>, which can be considered a defined boundary.
Viruses are not capable of producing or using their own energy. They only activate when they come into contact with a host cell and <u>then use the host cell's energy. </u>
As per the pattern, viruses<u> </u><u>do not have</u> internal organization nor metabolic processes which would allow for growth, therefore, viruses do not grow nor do they produce waste in any form.
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Answer:
In biology, adaptationism is the perspective that considers that the majority of traits are optimal adaptations achieved by natural selection.
Explanation:
Among his most famous defenders are John Maynard Smith, W.D. Hamilton, Richard Dawkins and Daniel Dennett. Adaptationism has been criticized by authors such as Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin.
Stephen J. Gould summarizes the "adaptationist program" in the following arguments:
- Adaptation is the central phenomenon of evolution, and the key to understanding its mechanisms.
- Natural selection builds adaptation.
- Natural selection maintains an overwhelmingly predominant relative frequency as a cause of adaptation. Variation only provides raw material and cannot do the job without help.
<u>Characteristics of adaptationism
</u>
Gould and Lewontin (1979) summarize the following way of proceeding from the adaptationist program:
- Atomization of the organism: division of the organism into discrete and disconnected features.
- Optimization of the parts by natural selection.
- Explanation of the adaptations.
Although amphibious frogs live on land and in water, they must lay their eggs in water or the eggs will dry up, effectively killing the offspring inside. Frog eggs are covered with a glycoprotein, which helps keep the eggs moist. This glycoprotein has to keep in contact with a source of moisture, such as water.
