Free energy is a composite function that balances the influence of energy vs. entropy.
Plants’ nonspecific immune responses includes cell-surface receptors (pattern recognition proteins) which allow them to identify certain patterns characteristic for pathogens. Activated receptors trigger the production of chemical signals that may initiate both local and systemic defense responses. Sometimes when a plant is affected by infection, it triggers rapid localized programmed cell death to stop the infection further. When it comes to defense form the herbivores, plants have physical barriers (plant cell walls and their extensions), some antibiotic compounds (phytoalexins), and even enzymes that can defend them.
Answer:
We are made of animal cells.
Explanation:
Answer:
The correct answer is E. Arachidonic acid is the raw material for synthesis of eicosanoids.
Explanation:
Arachidonic acid is an essential omega-6 fatty acid formed by a 20-carbon chain with four double bonds. The presence of double bonds causes this molecule to have several sites that can be oxidized, allowing the formation of different lipids with different biological activities.
Arachidonic acid is part of phospholipids in cell membranes, and is the precursor of eicosanoid biosynthesis. Arachidonic acid can be synthesized from linoleic acid, one of the essential fatty acids required by most mammals.
