Atrophy - the decrease in the size and strength of a skeletal muscle when it’s not used.
hypertrophy - the increase in the size of a muscle fiber in response to resistance training.
muscle endurance - the ability of a muscle to move a weight repeatedly, or for an extended period of time.
muscle strength - the greatest amount of weight a muscle can move at a single time.
progressive resistance exercise PRE - exercise that strengthens the skeletal muscles through adding more physical strain on them over time and letting them develop and adapt to this stress.
resistance - force or weight that is used to make the muscle work harder to contract.
skeletal muscles - body tissue that is connected to and moves the bones in the body.
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Static stretch
Explanation:
Static stretching exercises are done by elongating the target muscles as tolerated and then holding the stretch in that position for a stipulating length of time. This holding time period is usually determined by the individual’s age, activity level, any other previous illness or injuries etc.
The holding time usually is around 10-15 seconds is especially done to:
- Reduce risk of injury, muscle stiffness
- Increase mobility, flexibility, range of motion
- Relieve back or joint pains.
The main physiology in stretch reflex:
The stretch reflex is a myotatic reflex which is triggered by the action potentials of la afferent fibers. This causes the excited motor neurons to contract the stretched muscle which in turn reduces the potential.
The holding in static stretching is to make the elongation of the muscles a habitual length for the muscle spindle fibers and mark it is a new length.
The signals are reduced and the receptors are trained to allow more muscle fiber lengthening. The greatest increase in length or increase in range of motion occurs when the stretch is held for about 10-30 seconds with 2-4 repetitions.
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