Answer:
Explanation:
Genetics play a key part in understanding evolution. While two organisms may bear similar or no resemblance whatsoever to each other, their genes can tell us whether or not they were related- and creatures that show change (especially dramatic change) show us evolution through genetics.
Adhesive pili, exotoxins, and capsules are all microbial factors that help them establish infection. these are examples of virulence factors.
<h3>
What is the mechanism of infection?</h3>
- Microbes encounter epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes of barriers established by mucosae, mucocutaneous junctions, or skin as they enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, direct contact, cutaneous penetration, and ascending infection.
- Capsules are believed to play a part in the pathogenicity and colonization of a variety of pathogenic bacteria due to their exposure to the environment.
- Capsules can hinder host cell phagocytosis, stop complement-mediated lysis, and stop bacterial desiccation.
- Typically hear about three main categories of germs: bacteria, viruses, and fungus.
- Since most capsules inhibit water loss, they may aid in the bacterium's ability to avoid desiccation.
- A bacterial cell can be shielded by a capsule from white blood cells' digestion and obliteration.
- By inhibiting pathogen-associated molecular patterns or from binding to endocytic pattern-recognition receptors on the surface of the phagocytes, capsules can avoid unenhanced adhesion.
- Some bacteria's capsules obstruct the body's complement pathway defenses.
Learn more about infection here:
brainly.com/question/1969302
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Answer B did this a few ago
Answer:
d - 0%
Explanation:
Let curly hair gene be represented by AA
Straight hair gene will be aa
Since a cross between curly and straight hair resulted in wavy hair, it means wavy hair is an heterozygous condition Aa
Crossing wavy hair Aa with straight hair aa.
Offspring's genotype will be: Aa, Aa, aa, aa
Phenotypically, Aa is wavy hair and aa is straight hair, it means none of the offspring will have curly hair (0% probability).
<em>The correct option is d.</em>
After the tetrads of homologous chromosomes are separated in meiosis I, the sister chromatids from each pair are separated. ... The sister chromatids in the two daughter cells are pulled apart during anaphase II by nuclear spindle fibers, resulting in four haploid daughter cells.
