Freed slaves who wanted land available under the homestead act still faced the challenge of intense racism and segregation--meaning that they faced persecution and violence from whites who were in competition over the land.
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It has made people lazier but also helped because all the information that they could possibly need is at their fingertips.
Probably tribal societies but were also big empire like Qing empire
There was also pastoral societies meaning that they changed the conditions and adaptations that led to some relying on domesticated animals where circumstances let them
In the 16th century spain was the most successful country at that time, not England like most would think. Hope this helps :)