As covalent bonds are strong it makes the sugar phosphate backbone a stable molecule which will HV less chances for a mutation while the huydrogen bonds exist for the ease of DNA replication as they are strong in a way but weak for the replication to take place easily.
Answer:
The correct statement concerning the cell membrane lipid molecules is that "energy is not expended during diffusion" (Option d)
Explanation:
Biological membranes are formed by two lipidic layers arranged with their hydrophilic polar heads facing the exterior and the interior of the cells, and their hydrophobic tails against each other. Membranes are fluid, which means that molecules that form it have the capability to move through it.
Lipids can easily change places with other neighbor lipids by <u>lateral diffusion</u> in the same layer. This is passive diffusion, which means that it does not need energy to happen.
Lipids can also diffuse transversally to the other layer, but this kind of movement is not as easy as lateral diffusion.
There are also other lipidic movements as rotational diffusion that imply the rotation of the molecule.
Through this lipidic bilayer, there is also a passive transport of some particles from one side of the cell to the other which happens because of concentration differences.
Anaerobic Respiration: The incomplete breakdown of glucose<span> WITHOUT </span>OXYGEN<span>resulting in a few ATP's and other high energy molecules. Two types of anaerobic respiration; Alcoholic Fermentation (yeast cells) and </span>Lactic Acid Fermentation<span>(higher animal muscle tissue during heavy activity).</span>
