He underestimated the circumference of the world and he did not realize that there was something between Asia and Western Europe.
The gradient between the two places is 0.1
Gradient (slope) is the ratio of change in vertical distance to change in horizontal distance. It is given by:
Gradient = vertical distance / horizontal distance
Given that the horizontal distance is 1000m and vertical distance (height) is 100 m, hence:
Gradient = vertical distance / horizontal distance
Gradient = 100 m / 1000 m
Gradient = 0.1
The gradient between the two places is 0.1
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The area closest to the core is the densest
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Answer:
A carbon tax aims to make individuals and firms pay the full social cost of carbon pollution. In theory, the tax will reduce pollution and encourage more environmentally friendly alternatives. However, critics argue a tax on carbon will increase costs for business and reduce levels of investment and economic growth.
pros-cons-carbon-tax
The purpose of a carbon tax
The purpose of a carbon tax is to internalise this externality. What this means is that the final price of the good should include the external costs and not just the private cost. It is similar to the ‘polluter pays principle.‘ – which was incorporated into international law at the 1992 Rio Summit. It simply means those who cause environmental costs should be made to pay the full social cost of their actions.
Diagram to show welfare loss of a negative externality
negative-externality-id
This diagram shows that in a free market (without any tax), we get overconsumption (Q1) of carbon, leading to a welfare loss to society.
Social efficiency with Carbon Tax
tax-on-negative-externality
Explanation:
This isn’t an answer but I could help you if you tell me the project requirements
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