Answer:
C (Photosystems)
Explanation:
Photosynthesis occurs in two distinct stages, the Light-dependent stage and light-independent stage. The light dependent stage generally involves capturing the light energy from sun to produce ATP and NADPH. It occurs in the thylakoid membrane of the CHLOROPLAST.
The light-dependent reaction cannot occur without a large complex of protein and pigment molecules (light-absorbing) called PHOTOSYSTEMS. The photosystems are structured to harvest photons of light, which triggers electron donation by Chlorophyll, photolysis of water and subsequently creation of proton pump to yield ATP and reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. Photosystems consist of Photosystem I (P680) and II (P700).
Answer:
1. Decibels
2. whisper - 20-decibels, normal talking - 60 decibels, rock concert - 120 decibels
3. 10,000
4. A Jet plane
Explanation:
1. The unit refers to what specifically is being measured. If the graph was of heights, it could be metres, centimetres, feet, or inches, for example. In this case, the graph is of sound level. We can see beside the Y axis label "Sound Level" that the unit is decibels.
2. Take each individual sound source and look at how tall the bars are (purple rectangles). For each one, we can look across to the Y axis (left side) and see the corresponding sound level for each
3. We were told in the introduction to the question that for every 10 decibel increase, the sound increases by 10 times. So going from 10 -> 20 decibels represents a 10x increase, and 10-> 30 represents a 100x increase.
To figure out the increase from whisper (20) to normal talking (60), take away 20 from 60 to see how many decibels difference there are between the two levels.
60-20 = 40
There is a 40 decibel increase. If 10 decibel difference = 10x and 20 decibel difference = 100x, then 30 = 1000x, and 40 = 10,000x (keep adding a 0 with every 10!)
4. We can see from the graph that the pain threshold is 120 decibels. The sound level that is greater than the pain threshold (meaning it would be painful) is the jet plane.
Answer:
E1: Pyruvate dehydrogenase, TPP, oxidative decarboxylation reaction
E2: Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, Lipoamide and Co-enzyme A, transacetylation reaction.
E3: Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, FAD and NAD+, oxidation reaction
Explanation:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a multi-enzyme complex with 5 co-enzymes and 3 apo-enzymes:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) , which uses thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) as as co-enzymes to catalyze oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to hydroxyethyl-TPP.
Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2): which uses lipoamide and coenzyme A as co-enzymes to catalyse the transacetylation from TPP to Lipoamide to form acetyl lipoamide.
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) which uses FAD and NAD+ as co-enzymes to catalyze the oxidation of lipoamide
do all bacterial cells have the same structures? no
