Answer:
a) There are lots of genes on chromosome 1 could be affected, and the gametes could be imbalanced (missing segments of DNA or whole chromosomes)
b) Roughly 50%
c) No. I would advise that the couple undergo preimplantation genetic diagnosis, so that a zygote carrying the normal copy of chromosome 1 could be selected.
Explanation:
Chromosome 1 is one of the largest and most gene rich chromosomes. An inversion that covers 70% of its length would cover lots of genes.
While an inversion on its own would not seem problematic (as all the genes on the chromosome are still there), when it comes to meiosis, the sister chromatids would not be able to correctly align, and crossing over would further complicate this. It could also lead to unbalanced gametes missing entire parts of the chromosome. Therefore, there are likely numerous genes that will be affected and messed up by the inversion.
This could explain the high incidence of past still births, as if lots of genes are affected, and non-functional, the pregnancy would be rendered non-viable, or highly deleterious causing premature death.
b) There is a 50% chance of a child inheriting the defective copy of chromosome 1 (and 50% of a chance of them inheriting the normal chromosome 1. Therefore, there is likely a 50% chance that future offspring would be affected by defects
c) No. I would advise that the couple undergo preimplantation genetic diagnosis. In this, the couple undergoes in vitro fertilization (IVF). When embryos are produced through IVF, they can then be tested for the presence of the abnormal chromosome. Embryos will only be implanted into the mother if the normal chromosome 1 is present.
Answer:
a. Anabolism
b. Catabolism- A buildup of complex organic molecules from simpler ones is a catabolic reaction
c. Anabolism- The absorption of energy or use of energy in a chemical reaction
d. Catabolism- Energy is produced due to the raction that occurs
e. Anabolism - A breakdown of complex organic molecules from simpler ones is an anabolic reaction
f. Catabolism
Answer:
Both C and E are reasonable answers.
Explanation:
Homeostasis describes the body's ability to maintain a stable equilibirum. In other words, if the body experiences a stress, it will generate a response that works to counteract that stress and restore itself to how it was prior to the stress.
A. This describes a cause and effect (BP down --> venous return down). It does not describe an active physiological response to counteract the BP drop such as an increase in heart rate. Not homeostasis.
B. Again, a cause and effect is described. Blood vessel walls becoming thinner is not a response to counteract increased BP. Not homeostasis.
C. Here a response to a stress is described. Men are drinking more water. The body responds by getting rid of that water, restoring the body to its former state. This describes homeostasis.
D. This sounds like homeostasis, but it's actually the opposite of what happens. Dilation of peripheral blood vessels is a way for the body to get rid of heat. This is the opposite of what you would want if the body got colder - it would make the stress worse, which is the opposite of homeostasis. In actuality the response to cold temperature is constriction of blood vessels to preserve heat.
E. This deescribes homeostasis. The stress is increased glucose. The body's response to manage it is to release insulin, which helps remove the glucose from circulation.
Substances and exposures that can lead to cancer are called carcinogens. Some carcinogens do not affect DNA directly, but lead to cancer in other ways. For example, they may cause cells to divide at a faster than normal rate, which could increase the chances that DNA changes will occur.
