If you can't tell "by inspection" or by computing the change in y (-16) divided by the change in x (4) as -4, then you can always check to see which of the equations predicts the proper value for y.
1) (1/4)*(-4) = -1, not 16
2) 4*(-4) = -16, not 16
3) (-1/4)*(-4) = 1, not 16
4) -4*(-4) = 16 . . . . as required
The 4th selection is appropriate.
1) (1/4)*(-4) = -1, not 16
2) 4*(-4) = -16, not 16
3) (-1/4)*(-4) = 1, not 16
4) -4*(-4) = 16 . . . . as required
The 4th selection is appropriate.