Mitochondria use oxygen to make ATP in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrion are found in most eukaryotic cells which are cells that make up plants, animals and fungi.
A)mitochondria and chloroplast:- converts energy,oxygen and carbon dioxide are involved in its processes.
B)mitocondria:- have fluids inside it
C)nucleus and ribosomes:- enclosed by two membranes
Recombinant DNA is a type of artificial DNA which have genes that are taken from different organisms. During this process, a gene is take from one organism and putting the gene into another organism. Basically, the technology follows cut and paste scheme to form the new brand of DNA.
So to conclude this the technology cuts part of the DNA out to create a new DNA so you are cutting and pasting new DNA which is incredible.
Hope this helped.
Answer:
8 electrons
Explanation:
This gives each hydrogen atom two electrons in its outer energy level, which is full. It also gives oxygen 8 electrons in its outer energy level, which is also full.
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The Punnett square is a valuable tool, but it's not ideal for every genetics problem. For instance, suppose you were asked to calculate the frequency of the recessive class not for an Aa x Aa cross, not for an AaBb x AaBb cross, but for an AaBbCcDdEe x AaBbCcDdEe cross. If you wanted to solve that question using a Punnett square, you could do it – but you'd need to complete a Punnett square with 1024 boxes. Probably not what you want to draw during an exam, or any other time, if you can help it!
The five-gene problem above becomes less intimidating once you realize that a Punnett square is just a visual way of representing probability calculations. Although it’s a great tool when you’re working with one or two genes, it can become slow and cumbersome as the number goes up. At some point, it becomes quicker (and less error-prone) to simply do the probability calculations by themselves, without the visual representation of a clunky Punnett square. In all cases, the calculations and the square provide the same information, but by having both tools in your belt, you can be prepared to handle a wider range of problems in a more efficient way.
In this article, we’ll review some probability basics, including how to calculate the probability of two independent events both occurring (event X and event Y) or the probability of either of two mutually exclusive events occurring (event X or event Y). We’ll then see how these calculations can be applied to genetics problems, and, in particular, how they can help you solve problems involving relatively large numbers of genes.
