The correct option is D.
Neurotransmitters categorized as inhibitory are expected to hyperpolarize the membrane.
At inhibitory synapses, release of neurotransmitters causes inhibitory postsynaptic potentials or IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization of the presynaptic membrane.
Actually, depolarization and hyperpolarization occurs on neuron when an ion channel in the membrane open or close which can alter the ability of certain types of ions which enter from or exit out of the cell.
Neurotransmitters which is inhibitory have inhibitory effects on the neuron as it means they can decrease the possibility that the neuron will tend to fire an action. Modulatory neurotransmitters can also affect various neurons at the same time which results in the influencing effects of other chemical messengers.
Inhibitory neurotransmitter somehow decreases the action potential of the neuron. When the action potential falls below a certain level which is called threshold potential, the neuron will not be able to generate action potentials and thereby unable to exit the nearest neurons.
So, neurotransmitters are in general expected to hyperpolarize the membrane in some extent.
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Chloroplasts - found only in plants and algae. they convert solar radiation energy to chemical energy usable for the cell's metabolism.
mitochondria - found in both plants and animals, they produce energy (in the form of ATP - chemical compound) by decomposing sugars and fats. they use up oxygen to do it.
Answer:
A. keeps you healthy
Explanation:
The immune system protects your body from outside "invaders," such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and toxins.
Answer:
Sorry kid my middle school day re long gone but ummm... don't do drugs
:)
Explanation:
