Answer:
The basic repeating unit of nucleic acids are known as nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of three distinct chemical groups, a 5-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), a nitrogen-rich base - (cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), thymine (T) in DNA or uracil (U) instead of T (in RNA), and phosphate.
1. The RNA that has an amino acid attached to it, and that binds to the codon on the mRNA, is called a tRNA.
tRNA are molecules involved in protein synthesis (translation) and those molecules connect codons from mRNA with the amino acids they encode.tRNA has anticodone that binds to mRNA codone.
2. The process, performed by the ribosome, of reading mRNA and synthesizing a protein is called translation.
Translation is a process of gene expression in which proteins are synthesized (translated from the codons on mRNA).
3. Initiation of translation always happens at the start codon of the mRNA.
Translation process can be divided into three stages: initiation (starting off), elongation (adding amino acids to peptide chain that is going to become protein) and termination (finishing up).
4. Amino acids are attached to tRNA by enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.
These enzymes are part of the elongation stage of translation and they catalyze the adding of amino acids.
5. Termination of translation happens when the ribosome hits a stop codon on the mRNA.
Termination is the stage in which the finished polypeptide chain (future protein) is released from the ribosome.
Answer:
a kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating molecules to specific substrates.
The body's use of signal transduction is to ultimately result in a cellular function.
