Answer:
The correct answer is B. A major effect of the Protestant reformation was the spread of religious conflict in Europe.
Explanation:
The Protestant Reformation is the name for religious movements against the papacy and the Catholic Church in the 16th century, initiated by Martin Luther and John Calvin. From these movements, new religious communities emerged, independent of the papacy.
The cause of the Reformation was the changed socio-economic relations, the chaotic situation in the Catholic Church, the corruption of the clergy and the sale of indulgences for sins. The Reformation movement and the resistance of the Catholic Church led to long and difficult religious wars, such as the Thirty Years' War, which raged in Europe for decades and destroyed many material and cultural treasures.
The increased United States involvment in world affairs in the late XIX century and the beginning of the XX century included the following events:
Boxer Rebellion: US took part the Eight-Nation Alliance against the Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901) in China. US intervened with military troops (US Marine Corps) to save American citizens who were targeted by the rebels.
Open-Door Policy: This was a policy applied by the US government in relation to China. It was based on the principle that all foreign countries interests would be treated equally in China and no nation would try to create imperial jurisdiction over the country.
Spanish-American War: the war which was fought in 1898, started as a result of the Nationalist rebellion in Cuba against the Spanish domination and also as a result of the explosion of the USS Maine.
Japanese-Russian settlement: in 1905 after the war between Russia and Japan over their influences on China, the Treaty of Portsmouth ended the war. The treaty was achieved thanks to Theodore Roosevelt mediation.
Algeciras Conference: The Conference which took place in 1906 in Algeciras had the objective of finding a solution to the imperial crisis between France and Germany over Morocco. Theodore Roosevelt interceded to persuade the French to join the Conference.
An example of an historical turning point was the emergence of <u>the Enlighment era, that led to the creation of democratic states. </u>
The Enlighment movement emerged in Europe during the 18th century and it was constituted by philosophers that promoted Reason and the scientific method over medieval superstition and religious dogmas, and the establishment of democratic societies where the power resided on its people, and not in monarchs or rulers "appointed by God". The resulting states that emerged based on the principles of this movement, enacted bills of civil rights for the first time in history, and implemented principles such as the division of powers or the social contract, through which citizens elected their governors by suffrage.
Such Enlightment principles were transferred to the American colonies, where the population claimed for political representation rather than being governed by foreigners that were appointed by a foreign king. Such claims were ignored and the colonies, influenced by the new democratic principles, started several revolutionary movements for independence aiming to establish new states based on the Enlightment principles such as in Europe.
The correct answer is the spiritual.
Given that they were taken against their will, African slaves in the nineteenth century had to create something to give them hope and will to survive their terrible lives. Thus, they started singing spiritual songs and turned to religion for help.
On February the 15th, in 1898, The battleship Maine was sunk by the Spanish crown, in Havana Harbor. This was the reason why the United States declared war on Spain in May of the same year.
When the war ended, in December of 1898, Spain had lost all its control over the territories of Puerto Rico, Cuba, The Philippines Islands, and Guam, with some smaller islands as well.
The War ended with the ratification of the Treaty of Paris, that was signed on December 10th, 1898.
