<span>If you belong to the blood group 0, you have no A or B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells but you do have A and B antibodies in your blood plasma.</span>
The answer is transverse wave
Answer:
The CFTR behaves like a channel for chlorine. Its dysfunction affects both the transport of this ion and other ions and the transport of water, which causes a thickening of secretions, an alteration of mucociliary transport and local defenses, facilitating bacterial colonization and promoting the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in the airway
Explanation:
CFTR is a protein expressed in the epithelial cells of the respiratory system, pancreas, bile ducts, sweat glands and genitourinary system. It is made up of a single chain made up of 1,480 amino acids. It contains 12 hydrophobic regions embedded in the lipid membrane and acts as a channel for chlorine.The highest levels of expression of the CFTR protein are found in serous cells of the submucosal glands of the proximal airway. In them, Cl- is released to the outside. In addition, there are channels for Na +, through which this ion is also secreted in the same direction. These movements cause the displacement of water and also of mucins, originating in the submucosal glands, allowing their presence on the surface of the airway. For all this to occur normally, a basolateral Na + - K + - ATPase cotransporter must function, another basolateral cotransporter formed by Na +, K + and 2 Cl-, which allows the latter to enter the cell, and an apical CFTR channel through which it exits the Cl- of the cell towards the acinar lumen. Na + leaves the cell following Cl- by a paracellular pathway accompanied by water. When CFTR malfunctions, Cl- does not exit through this channel and this implies a decrease in Na + and water in the canalicular lumen, with the consequent thickening of secretions.
Answer:
6.) larger diameter of stomatal pores
A) Increased transpiration pull
1.) thicker film of water on surface of mesophyll cells
2.) higher relative humidity in air around leaf
B) decreases transpiration pull
3.) less curvature of water surface on mesophyll cell walls
4.) lower rate of water evaporation from surface of mesophyll cells.
5.) larger air space in leaf interior
C) has no effect on transpirational pull.
Explanation:
- Transpiration primarily occurs through stomatal openings in the leaves. Increasing the diameter or size of these opening would ultimately increase the amount of water escaping from them and therefore, increase the transpiration rate.
- Higher humidity in the air entails the presence of greater number of water vapours in the atmosphere. Since osmotic pressure plays a major role in transpiration, therefore, this decreases the rate of transpiration.
