The three major issues that cut across psychology are stability versus change, rationality versus irrationality and nature-nurture issue.
Stability versus change deals with the issue of whether human beings change as they grow older or they remain essentially the same.
Rational versus irrationality illustrates the disparity between a human's mind ability to perceive and interpret correctly or incorrectly.
Nature - nurture issue centered on the relative contribution of genetic inheritance and environmental factors to human development.
Because pioneer species are the first to return after a disturbance, they are the first stage of succession, and their presence increases the diversity in a region. They are usually a hardy plant, algae or moss that can withstand a hostile environment.
These secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that is inhibit herbivory.
Option D is correct.
What is meant by herbivory?
Herbivory may be a form of consumption in which an organism principally eats autotrophs such as plants, algae and photosynthesizing bacteria. More generally, organisms that prey on autotrophs in general are known as primary consumers. Herbivory is typically limited to animals that eat plants
What is the herbivory effect?
Herbivory can affect the expansion form of plants by terminating shoot growth and initiating branching and by affecting shoot-to-root ratios. Changes in survival, productivity, and growth of individual plant species affect vegetation structure and community dynasty.
<h3>Why is herbivory important?</h3>
Herbivory can have substantial impacts on habitat health, the structure and variety of plant and soil invertebrate communities and the productivity of economically important crops. The positive impact of herbivory is widely debated within the scientific literature.
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Answer: option A - bottleneck effect
Explanation:
Whenever sudden change caused by human or natural disasters occurs in the environment leading to the reduction of organisms or biodiversity present to a lower size, such condition is referred to as BOTTLENECK EFFECT.
