* More than 40 proteins and glycoproteins involved in the complement system are synthesized by the liver, macrophages, epithelial cells, they are present in the blood in plasmatic form, membrane, some have an enzymatic activity, regulator or membrane receptorThese are elements of the humoral innate immune response, they fight infections, purify immune complexes and apoptotic bodies. <span>There are indeed three ways to activate the complement:</span> Classical pathway: Activated by Immunoglobulins in immune complexes, aggregated Immunoglobulins, DNA, CRP, apoptotic bodies .......it involves nine fractions, starting with C1, then C4, C2, C3, to form a classical C5 convertase, then, activation of C5, C6, C7, C8, C9.
Alternative pathway: activated by polysaccharides (bacterial endotoxin), vascular wall poor in sialic acid, aggregated IgE ...C3b like is the first component in the alternate channel cascade, it will create an amplification loop, and form an alternative C5 convertase.
Lecithin pathway: Activated by mannose, fucose (carbohydrate of microorganisms)The first component is the complex MBL / MASP1 / MASP2: "mannose-binding protein": works according to the same principle as the complex C1 of the classical way (MASP2 cleaves the C4 and the rest of the cascade is equivalent to that of the classical way).
the three ways have the same outcome: A C5 convertase (formed by one of the pathways) cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b: C5b is deposited far from other fractions on the antigenic surface. The fixation of C5b in the cell is followed by that of C6, C7, C8, and C9 (9 molecules of C9): formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) ==> Death of the cell by osmotic shock
At first, the population of predators would spike and increase quickly, but then over time, gradually decrease.
(This is because at first there's more food, so the predators population increases. But overtime it begins to level out and the predators' population catches up with the prey, and in result, doesn't continue increasing.)
Organisms in a population must compete for the resources as the resources are limited and the organism that compete and survives wins.
The best equipped organism survive which is known as the survival of the fittest.
Over the time due to challenges in the environment the beneficial variation takes place in the organisms and it spreads through the generations and then it gradually changes the whole population.
The false statement is Organism of the same species are equipped with the same survival skills.
The organism of the same species have some variation and because of this variation they compete and win against the other member of the same species.
Virus are considered to be non living No antibiotics won’t be helpful towards influenza virus it can inturn result to antibiotic resistance Flu is viral
